The ruby HTML element is used to represent a ruby annotation, which is a small text displayed above or next to East Asian characters to indicate pronunciation or meaning. This element is essential for languages like Japanese and Chinese, where ruby text (furigana) helps readers understand unfamiliar characters.

The rp HTML element is used to provide fallback parentheses around ruby text components in a ruby annotation. This ensures that the pronunciation or annotation is displayed in a readable format in browsers that do not support ruby annotations, by enclosing the ruby text in parentheses.

The rt HTML element is used to define the ruby text component of a ruby annotation, providing pronunciation, translation, or transliteration information for East Asian typography. It is typically used within a ruby element to enhance the readability of characters by offering additional context.

The samp HTML element is used to represent sample output from a computer program or system, typically displayed in a monospace font. It is useful for showcasing examples of code execution or command-line output, distinguishing it from regular text.

The script HTML element is used to embed or reference executable scripts within a webpage, such as JavaScript. It enables dynamic content, interactive features, and enhanced functionality by allowing the inclusion of client-side scripts.

The section HTML element is used to define a thematic grouping of content within a document, typically with a heading. It is ideal for organizing content into distinct sections, such as chapters, parts of a thesis, or any logical grouping of related content.

The select HTML element is used to create a dropdown menu that allows users to choose one or more options from a list. It contains option elements, each representing a selectable item, and can be enhanced with optgroup elements to organize options into categories.

The small HTML element is used to render text in a smaller font size, typically for disclaimers, side comments, or fine print. It is often used to de-emphasize text that is supplementary to the main content.

The source HTML element is used to specify multiple media resources for media elements like

The span HTML element is a generic inline container used to group text or other inline elements for styling purposes with CSS or for manipulation with JavaScript. It does not inherently represent anything semantically but is useful for applying styles or scripts to a specific part of the text.